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Agropellets Properties
Němeček, David ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis solves problems of combustion of agropellets and the advantages and disadvantages, which are connected with their application in combustion devices. In this thesis at first there is divided biomass, where it primarily concentrates on the plant biomass and it constitutes some used types, which are used to a fuel production. In the next part it solves problems of production of pellets, the advantages and disadvantages of this production and the advices for superior pellets. In the final theoretical part it solves combustion of this fuel. It is about properties of pellets, problems of combustion and this work also deals with emissions of combustion agropellets. In the last part the thesis engages in experimental detection of agropellets properties and plant biomass as such and subsequent comparison to wood biomass and tabular values.
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Plant biomass production on grasslands restored on former arable land
Křivská, Aneta ; Mudrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bitomský, Martin (referee)
The White Carpathian meadows are among the species richest plant communities in the world, yet a large area of them has been ploughed in the past. Despite the abandonment of intensive farming and the subsequent effort to restore the original species richness of the former arable land over the last 20 years, there are still differences between the meadows which were previously used for agricultural production and the well-preserved ancient reference meadows. To understand why this is so, it may be helpful to measure the dynamics of plant biomass production over the year and whether it differs between these two types of meadows. The research was conducted in three pairs of White Carpathian meadows on two dates - at the beginning of the growing season in May and right before mowing in June 2023. In all pairs of meadows, occurring in close proximity to each other, one of the meadows was restored after previous ploughing and the other was ancient. At each meadow, I have sampled aboveground biomass in five 40 × 40 cm plots and sorted it into functional groups (graminoids, legumes, and forbs - i.e. non-leguminous dicots) and into dead biomass, dried and weighed. In average, more biomass tended to occur in the restored meadows, but this difference was formed mainly by dead biomass, which was more abundant...
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Photosynthetic production of plant biomass as a topic of basic school education
KOVAČIKOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor thesis deals with the photosynthetic creation of biomass in teaching at the second stage of primary schools from the point of view of students and teachers. The aim of the thesis was to find out the knowledge and misconceptions of the students of the eighth and ninth grades of primary schools and multi-year grammar schools about photosynthesis and photosynthetic biomass production and also what are the attitudes of teachers to teaching photosynthesis. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis mentions biomass, photosynthetic biomass formation, photosynthesis itself and problems in teaching photosynthesis. In addition, the theoretical part also includes an analysis of science text-books from SPN - pedagogical publishing house. The focus of the thesis is a questionnaire survey, which was conducted in four primary schools and one multi-year grammar school among students and teachers. The results highlight the knowledge and misconceptions of students about photosynthesis and plant biomass.
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Plant biomass and its' photosynthetic production as a topic of science education from students' and teachers' point of view
NOVÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis presents the results of a research that focuses on the level of the eighth and ninth grade of primary schools and multi-year high schools student knowledge about plant biomass and its photosynthetic production in science education. This research was conducted at a multi-year high school and four elementary schools. The bachelor thesis also addresses the teachers' perspective and their teaching approach of this topic. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the topic of plant biomass and photosynthetic production. The thesis also addresses the issue of misconceptions that, with the help of the teacher and their approach to teaching, can remove these misconceptions. The thesis also discusses the inclusion of the topic of photosynthesis in the teaching of primary schools and multi-year high schools with regard to didactic textbooks. Towards the end of the thesis, the results of the teacher and student respondents collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in five schools are mentioned. The results show that the level of knowledge on the topic of biomass and its photosynthetic production is relatively low. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reason may be the abstractness of the subject and the pupils are not able to visualize and understand the issue properly.
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Magnetic biocomposite materials for removal of significant xenobiotics from water systems
BALDÍKOVÁ, Eva
The theoretical part of this doctoral thesis provides a comprehensive overview on the topic of preparation and subsequent utilization of magnetic derivatives of biological materials for xenobiotic separation from water. Main attention is paid to magnetic modification of waste materials and by-products originating from agricultural and food industry, which represent widely available and low-cost materials, and also to magnetic modification of microbial cells. In addition to the description of magnetic particle preparation and individual developed techniques of magnetic modification, a brief characterization of selected pollutants and a detailed table overview on utilization of magnetically responsive biomaterials for biosorption of organic dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceutical and personal care products together with ubiquitous industrial endocrine disruptors and also of crude oil derivatives is presented. Experimental part of this thesis is focused on the preparation and optimization of new types of magnetic materials. Emphasis is placed on the employment of simple, fast and simultaneously low-cost magnetic modification techniques (e.g., postmagnetization using microwave-synthesized magnetic iron oxides or one-step modification by magnetic fluids). Selected plant materials (barley and rye straw) were chemically modified to significantly (up to five-times) increase the maximum adsorption capacities for tested dyes. All prepared biomaterials exhibited a great magnetic response and simultaneously relatively high adsorption capacity for selected xenobiotics under experimental conditions used. Factors substantially affecting adsorption process, such as pH, initial concentration, incubation time or temperature were also studied. Adsorption equilibrium data were assessed using Langmuir, Freundlich or Sips isotherm models. Experimental data from time dependence study were analyzed by chosen kinetic models, namely the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order ones and by intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy) describing the nature of adsorption were also included in study.
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Mathematical models of effects of selected factors on photosnythesis for highschools
Cinibulková, Renata ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tichá, Ingrid (referee)
The goal of this Master thesis was development of teaching materials that are focusing on mastering the fundamentals of mathematical modelling on the examples of photosynthetic processes and influence of selected environmental factors on these processes. Developed models of photosynthetic response to select environmental factors, worksheets, methodical manuals and other supporting materials belong to the teaching materials for secondary schools and serve as a basis of work with models. This teaching materials are aimed to introduce modelling and its significance not only in science but also in education. The present thesis was accomplished on the basis of participation of the Department of Experimental Plant Biology of Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague in international project NSF within programme GLOBE - The Carbon Cycle. The present thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part includes a literary review and an introduction to the mathematical modelling (in software Stella) that are elaborated considering the teaching purposes and serve as a theoretical background for practical part of present thesis. The chapters that deal with increasing interest in mplementing of modelling in education and with philosophical background of software...
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Agropellets Properties
Němeček, David ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis solves problems of combustion of agropellets and the advantages and disadvantages, which are connected with their application in combustion devices. In this thesis at first there is divided biomass, where it primarily concentrates on the plant biomass and it constitutes some used types, which are used to a fuel production. In the next part it solves problems of production of pellets, the advantages and disadvantages of this production and the advices for superior pellets. In the final theoretical part it solves combustion of this fuel. It is about properties of pellets, problems of combustion and this work also deals with emissions of combustion agropellets. In the last part the thesis engages in experimental detection of agropellets properties and plant biomass as such and subsequent comparison to wood biomass and tabular values.
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Functioning of Mountain Meadows under Different Management Impacts
MAŠKOVÁ, Zuzana
Influence of different management practices on the mountain meadows communities and possibilities of their maintenance in the National Park, Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve of Šumava are discussed. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of mulching of grassland vegetation with those of traditional mowing or leaving a grassland fallow. The results of a ten-year field experiment are presented - the changes of plant biomass, plant community structure and physical properties of the soil A horizon. Acceptable possibilities of mulching as an alternative technique for the maintenance of secondary grassland in the Bohemian Forest are proposed on the basis of data obtained during the experiment.
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